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Most
of us have had the experience of being in a very high quality natural area with many rare and conservative plant species,
but not finding many animal species. The current conservation theory is that
if the plant communities are improved, the animals will follow. This may not
always be true. This handout is designed to provide additional input for planting
and restoration so that animal food sources may be taken into account in addition to purely focusing on plant quality ratings.
|
Tree/Bush Species |
Swink & Wilhelm # |
Wildlife Value for Food & Shelter |
|
Box
Elder |
0 |
8 (V, s, w, sm, b, I, bud) |
|
Black
Maple |
5 |
9 (V, s, u, lm, sm, b, I, bud) |
|
Red
Maple |
7 |
10 (V, s, w, sm, b, I, bud, h, n) |
|
Silver
Maple |
0 |
9 (V, s, w, wa, sm, b, I, bud) |
|
Sugar
Maple |
3 |
9 (V, s, u, sm, b, I, b, n) |
|
Ohio
Buckeye |
3 |
2 (L, sm, I) |
|
Tree
of Heaven |
Alien |
0 (L) |
|
Black
Alder |
Alien |
2.5 (M, s, u) |
|
American
Shadbush |
9 |
3 (O, s, sm) |
|
Smooth
Shadbush |
8 |
3 (O, s, sm) |
|
Paw
Paw |
9 |
1 (L, sm) |
|
Yellow
Birch |
10 |
8 (V, s, u, sm, b, I, bud) |
|
River
Birch |
7 |
9 (V, s, u, w, sm, b, bud, h) |
|
Paper
Birch |
10 |
6 (O, s, u, sm, I, bud) |
|
Blue
Beech |
8 |
2 (L, s, w) |
|
Bitternut
Hickory |
7 |
2.5 (M, s, sm) |
|
Pignut
Hickory |
5 |
5.5 (M, s, sm, I, h, n) |
|
Shagbark
Hickory |
5 |
3.5 (M, s, sm, I) |
|
Mockernut
Hickory |
10 |
3.5 (M, s, sm, I) |
|
Catalpa |
Alien |
0 (L) |
|
Hackberry |
3 |
7 (V, s, sm, I, h, n) |
|
American
Bittersweet (climbing) |
4 |
1 (L, h) |
|
Redbud |
3 |
0 (L) |
|
Hazelnut |
5 |
3.5 (M, u, sm, bud) |
|
Pagoda
Dogwood |
9 |
9 (V, u, s, w, lm, sm, b, bud) |
|
Rough-leaved
Dogwood |
2 |
6 (O, s, u, b, h, n) |
|
Gray
Dogwood |
1 |
6 (O, s, u, b, h, n) |
|
Red
Osier Dogwood |
6 |
6 (O, s, u, b, h, n) |
|
Round-leaved
Dogwood |
10 |
4 (O, s, u, b) |
|
Cock-spur
Thorn |
2 |
6.5 (M, s, u, sm, b, lm, I) |
|
Red
Haw |
2 |
7.5 (M, s, u, sm, b, lm, I, bud) |
|
Pruinose
Haw |
2 |
6.5 (M, s, u, sm, b, lm, I) |
|
Beech |
5 |
5.5 (M, sm, I, bud, h, n) |
|
White
Ash |
5 |
2 (L, h, n) |
|
Black
Ash |
10 |
3 (L, s, sm, I) |
|
Red
Ash |
5 |
4 (L. s, sm, I) |
|
Green
Ash |
1 |
6 (L, s, sm, b, I, h, n) |
|
Blue
Ash |
8 |
3 (L, s, sm, I) |
|
Honey
Locust |
2 |
5 (L, s, sm, I, h, n) |
|
Kentucky
Coffee Tree |
8 |
0 (L) |
|
Witch
Hazel |
8 |
4 (L, s, sm, b, h) |
|
Butternut/White
Walnut |
8 |
1 (L, sm) |
|
Black
Walnut |
5 |
1 (L, sm) |
|
Common
Juniper |
10 |
5 (O, s, b, h, n) |
|
Red
Cedar |
2 |
9 (V, s, u, sm, b, bud, h, n) |
|
European
Larch |
Alien |
2 (L, s, u) |
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